Simple realizations of current-mode and voltage-mode PID, PI and PD controllers

Abstract

This paper presents new circuits for realizing both current-mode and voltage-mode proportional-integral-derivative (PID), proportional-derivative (PD) and proportional-integral (PI) controllers employing second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) as active elements. All of the proposed PID, PI and PD controllers have grounded passive elements and adjustable parameters. The controllers employ reduced number of active and passive components with respect to the traditional op-amp-based PID, PI and PD controllers. A closed loop control system using the proposed PID controller is designed and simulated with SPICE.