Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Physics Letters B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson produced in association with a vector
boson and decaying to a b-quark pair with the ATLAS detector✩
.ATLAS Collaboration 
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 1 July 2012
Received in revised form 14 September
2012
Accepted 23 October 2012
Available online 26 October 2012
Editor: H. Weerts
Keywords:
Standard Model Higgs boson
ATLAS
LHC
This Letter presents the results of a direct search with the ATLAS detector at the LHC for a Standard
Model Higgs boson of mass 110mH  130 GeV produced in association with a W or Z boson and
decaying to b ¯b. Three decay channels are considered: ZH → +−b ¯b, WH → νb ¯b and ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b,
where  corresponds to an electron or a muon. No evidence for Higgs boson production is observed in
a dataset of 7 TeV pp collisions corresponding to 4.7 fb−1 of integrated luminosity collected by ATLAS
in 2011. Exclusion limits on Higgs boson production, at the 95% confidence level, of 2.5 to 5.5 times the
Standard Model cross section are obtained in the mass range 110–130 GeV. The expected exclusion limits
range between 2.5 and 4.9 for the same mass interval.
© 2012 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V.
1.
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Open access under CC BY license.Introduction
The search for the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson [1–3] is
e of the most important endeavours of the Large Hadron Collider
HC). The H → b ¯b decay corresponds to the highest branching ra-
for a low-mass Higgs boson in the SM. Observing this decay
ould provide direct sensitivity to the Higgs boson coupling to
rmions. The results of searches in various channels using data
rresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 4.9 fb−1 have
en reported recently by both the ATLAS and CMS collabora-
ns [4,5]. The Higgs boson has been excluded at the 95% con-
ence level (CL) below 114.4 GeV by the LEP experiments [6], in
e regions 100–106 GeV and 147–179 GeV at the Tevatron p ¯p
llider [7], and in the regions 112.9–115.5 GeV and 127–600 GeV
the LHC experiments [4,5]. This Letter reports on a search for
e SM Higgs boson performed for the H → b ¯b decay mode, over
e mass range 110–130 GeV where this decay mode dominates.
Due to the large backgrounds present in the dominant pro-
ction process gg → H → b ¯b, the analysis reported here is re-
ricted to Higgs boson production in association with a vector
son, WH and ZH [8–12], where the vector boson provides an
ditional final state signature, allowing for significant background
ppression. An additional handle against the backgrounds is pro-
ded by exploiting the better signal-over-background level of the
nematic regions where the weak bosons have high transverse
omenta [13]. These channels are also important contributors to
iggs boson searches at CMS [14] and the Tevatron [7].
© CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS Collaboration.
This Letter presents searches in the ZH → +−b ¯b, WH →
νb ¯b and ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channels, where  is either an electron or a
muon, including electrons and muons from tau lepton decays. The
data used were recorded by the ATLAS experiment during the 2011
LHC run at a centre-of-mass energy of
√
s = 7 TeV and correspond
to integrated luminosities of 4.6 to 4.7 fb−1 [15,16], depending on
the analysis channel. The leptonic decay modes of the weak bosons
are selected to suppress backgrounds containing only jets in the fi-
nal state. In the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channel, the multijet background is
suppressed by requiring a large missing transverse energy.
2. The ATLAS detector
The ATLAS detector [17] consists of four main subsystems. An
inner tracking detector is immersed in the 2 T magnetic field
produced by a superconducting solenoid. Charged particle posi-
tion and momentum measurements are made by silicon detec-
tors in the pseudorapidity1 range |η| < 2.5 and by a straw tube
tracker in the range |η| < 2.0. Calorimeters cover |η| < 4.9 with
a variety of detector technologies. The liquid-argon electromag-
netic calorimeter is divided into barrel (|η| < 1.475) and end-
cap (1.375 < |η| < 3.2) sections. The hadronic calorimeters (using
1 ATLAS uses a right-handed coordinate system with its origin at the nominal in-
teraction point (IP) in the centre of the detector and the z-axis coinciding with the
axis of the beam pipe. The x-axis points from the IP to the centre of the LHC ring,
and the y-axis points upward. Cylindrical coordinates (r, φ) are used in the trans-
verse plane, φ being the azimuthal angle around the beam pipe. The pseudorapidity
is defined in terms of the polar angle θ as η = − ln tan(θ/2). For the purpose of the
fiducial selection, this is calculated relative to the geometric centre of the detector;E-mail address: atlas.publications@cern.ch. otherwise, it is relative to the reconstructed primary vertex of each event.
370-2693 © 2012 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V.
tp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.10.061
Open access under CC BY license.
370 ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390
liquid argon or scintillating tiles as active materials) surround the
electromagnetic calorimeter and cover |η| < 4.9. The muon spec-
trometer measures the deflection of muon tracks in the field of
three large air-core toroidal magnets, each containing eight super-
conducting coils. It is instrumented with separate trigger chambers
(covering |η| < 2.4) and high-precision tracking chambers (cover-
ing |η| < 2.7).
3. Data and Monte Carlo samples
The collision data used in this analysis are selected such that all
elements of the ATLAS detector were delivering high-quality data.
In the ZH → +−b ¯b and the WH → νb ¯b analyses, events were
primarily collected using single-lepton triggers with a transverse
momentum (pT) threshold of 20 GeV for electrons, which was
raised to 22 GeV as the instantaneous luminosity increased, and
18 GeV for muons. In the ZH → +−b ¯b analysis, these triggers
were supplemented with a di-electron trigger with a threshold of
12 GeV. The lepton trigger efficiency is measured using a sample of
Z → +− events. The resulting efficiencies, relative to the offline
selection, are close to 100% for ZH → e+e−b ¯b and WH → eνb ¯b.
The efficiencies are around 95% for the ZH → μ+μ−b ¯b chan-
nel and 90% for the WH → μνb ¯b channel, due to the lower
angular coverage of the muon trigger chambers with respect to
the precision tracking chambers. The missing transverse energy
(EmissT ) trigger used for the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channel has a threshold
of 70 GeV and an efficiency above 50% for EmissT above 120 GeV.
This efficiency exceeds 99% for EmissT above 170 GeV. The effi-
ciency curve is measured in a sample of W → μν + jet events
collected using muon triggers, which do not rely on the presence
of EmissT . The Monte Carlo (MC) simulation predicts the trigger ef-
ficiency to be 5% higher than that observed in collision data for
120 GeV EmissT < 160 GeV and agrees for E
miss
T  160 GeV. A cor-
rection factor of 0.95 ± 0.01 is therefore applied to the MC in the
lower EmissT region, and no trigger efficiency correction is applied
elsewhere.
Due to practical constraints, several MC generators were used
to simulate signal and background processes. The WH and ZH
signal processes are modelled using MC events produced by the
Pythia [18] event generator, interfaced with the MRST modified
leading-order (LO*) [19] parton distribution functions (PDFs), us-
ing the AUET2B tune [20] for the parton shower, hadronization
and multiple parton interactions. The total cross sections for these
channels, as well as their corresponding uncertainties, are taken
from the LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Group report [21]. Dif-
ferential next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak corrections as a
function of the W or Z transverse momentum have also been
applied [22,12]. The Higgs boson decay branching ratios are cal-
culated with Hdecay [23].
The background processes are modelled with several different
event generators. The Powheg [24–26] generator, in combination
with MSTW 2008 NLO PDFs [27] and interfaced with the Pythia
program for the parton shower and hadronization, is used to sim-
ulate W+  1b jet events. The Sherpa generator [28] is used to
simulate Z+  1b jet and Z+  1c jet events. The Alpgen gen-
erator [29] interfaced with the Herwig program [30] is used to
simulate W+  1c jet, W+  1 light jet (i.e. not a c or b jet)
and Z+  1 light jet events. The above background simulations
include γ ∗ production and Z/γ ∗ interference where appropriate.
The MC@NLO generator [31], using CT10 NLO PDFs [32] and inter-
faced to Herwig, is used for the production of top-quarks (single-
top and top-quark pair production). The Herwig generator, is used
to simulate the diboson (Z Z , W Z and WW ) samples. The Her-
wig generator uses the AUET2 tune [33] for the parton shower
and hadronization model, relies on MRST LO* PDFs (except for top
production) and is in all cases interfaced to Jimmy [34] for the
modelling of multiple parton interactions. The diboson cross sec-
tions normalized to NLO QCD computations [35,36]. MC samples
are passed through the full ATLAS detector simulation [37] based
on the Geant4 [38] program.
4. Reconstruction and identification of physics objects
Events are required to have at least one reconstructed primary
vertex with three or more associated tracks with pT > 0.4 GeV in
the inner detector. If more than one vertex is reconstructed, the
primary vertex is chosen as the one with the highest sum of the
squares of the transverse momenta of all its associated tracks.
Electron candidates are reconstructed from energy clusters in
the electromagnetic calorimeter and are required to pass identifi-
cation criteria based on the shower shape. Central electrons must
have a matching track in the inner detector that is consistent with
originating from the primary vertex and requirements are placed
on track quality and track-cluster matching [39]. Further track and
cluster related identification criteria are applied to electron candi-
dates in order to reduce background from jets being misidentified
as electrons. The criteria are tighter for W decays, where the back-
ground is larger. Muons are found offline by searching for tracks
reconstructed in the muon spectrometer with |η| < 2.7.
The charged leptons that are used to reconstruct the vector bo-
son candidate are required to satisfy pT > 20 GeV in the ZH →
+−b ¯b channel, while this cut is increased to pT > 25 GeV in the
WH → νb ¯b channel in order to be above the trigger threshold,
and maintain a high trigger efficiency. In both cases, the leptons
must be central (|η| < 2.47 for electrons and |η| < 2.5 for muons)
and have a matching track in the inner detector (with a coverage
up to |η| < 2.5) that is consistent with originating from the pri-
mary vertex.
In order to suppress background from semileptonic heavy-
flavour hadron decays, the leptons are required to be isolated.
In the ZH → +−b ¯b and WH → νb ¯b channels the sum of the
transverse momenta of all charged tracks (other than those of the
charged leptons) reconstructed in the inner detector within a cone
of 	R =
√
(	η)2 + (	φ)2 < 0.2 from each charged lepton is re-
quired to be less than 10% of the transverse momentum of the
lepton itself. In the WH → νb ¯b channel, the isolation require-
ment is strengthened by requiring in addition that the sum of
all transverse energy deposits in the calorimeter within a cone of
	R < 0.3 from the charged lepton be less than 14% of the trans-
verse energy of the lepton itself.
In order to suppress the top-quark background in the ZH →
ν ¯νb ¯b channel, events containing electrons with |η| < 2.47 and
pT > 10 GeV, or muons with |η| < 2.7 and pT > 10 GeV are re-
moved. Similar requirements are applied on any additional lepton
reconstructed in the WH → νb ¯b channel, but the minimum lep-
ton pT is increased to 20 GeV if the additional lepton has the same
charge as, or a different flavour than the signal lepton. Events with
forward electrons [39] (2.47 < |η| < 4.5) with pT > 20 GeV are also
removed in the WH → νb ¯b channel.
Jets are reconstructed from energy clusters in the calorime-
ter using the anti-kt algorithm [40] with a radius parameter of
0.4. Jet energies are calibrated using pT- and η-dependent correc-
tion factors based on MC simulation and validated with data [41].
A further correction is applied when calculating the di-jet invari-
ant mass, as described in Section 5 below. The contribution from
jets originating from other collisions in the same bunch crossing
is reduced by requiring that at least 75% of the summed trans-
verse momentum of inner detector tracks (with pT > 0.4 GeV)
associated with the jet are compatible with originating from the
ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390 371
primary vertex. Furthermore, a jet is required to have no identi-
fied electron within 	R  0.4. Only jets with pT > 25 GeV and
within the acceptance of the inner detector (|η| < 2.5) are used to
reconstruct Higgs boson candidates. Events containing additional
jets are rejected in the WH → νb ¯b analysis, to suppress back-
grounds characterized by additional hadronic activity. To do this,
jets are counted using the following criteria: pT > 20 GeV and
|η| < 4.5.
Jets which originate from b quarks can be distinguished from
other jets by the relatively long lifetime of hadrons containing b
quarks. Such jets are primarily identified (“b-tagged”) by recon-
structing one or more secondary decay vertices from tracks within
the jet, using either an inclusive vertex reconstruction algorithm or
a cascade b → c-hadron decay chain vertex fit, or by combining the
distances of closest approach to the primary event vertex (impact
parameters) of tracks in the jet [42–45]. The information from the
vertex and impact parameter based algorithms is combined into a
single discriminant w by using an artificial neural network, which
is trained based on a set of samples of simulated events, such that
a jet with higher w is more likely to be a b jet. A selection cut
on w is applied, resulting in an efficiency of about 70% for identi-
fying true b jets, of about 20% for c jets and about 0.8% for light
jets, as evaluated in simulated t¯t events. The b-tagging efficiency
and rejection factors in the simulation are corrected to the respec-
tive measurements in data by the use of appropriate scale factors.
These correspond to corrections of around 5 to 15% for b jets, 20%
for c jets, and around 50% for light jets.
The EmissT magnitude and direction are measured from the vec-
tor sum of the transverse momentum vectors associated with
clusters of energy reconstructed in the calorimeters with |η| <
4.9 [46]. A correction is applied to the energy of those clusters that
are associated with a reconstructed physical object (jet, electron,
τ -lepton, photon). Reconstructed muons are also included in the
sum, and any calorimeter energy deposits associated with them
are excluded. To supplement the calorimeter-based definition of
EmissT in the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channel, the track-based missing trans-
verse momentum, pmissT , is calculated from the vector sum of the
transverse momenta of inner detector tracks associated with the
primary vertex [47].
5. Event selection
Events in the ZH → +−b ¯b channel are required to contain
exactly two same-flavour leptons. The two leptons must be op-
positely charged in the case of muons. This is not required for
electrons since energy losses from showering in material in the
inner detector lead to a higher charge misidentification probabil-
ity. The invariant mass of the lepton pair must be in the range
83 GeV <m < 99 GeV. A requirement of EmissT < 50 GeV reduces
the background from top-quark production.
Events in the WH → νb ¯b channel are required to contain a
single charged lepton and EmissT > 25 GeV. A requirement on the
transverse mass2 of mT > 40 GeV is imposed to suppress the mul-
tijet background.
The ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b selection requires EmissT > 120 GeV. Require-
ments of pmissT > 30 GeV and on the difference in azimuthal angle
between the directions of EmissT and p
miss
T , 	φ(E
miss
T , p
miss
T ) < π/2,
are imposed to suppress events with poorly measured EmissT . These
help to suppress the multijet background, which is dominated by
2 The transverse mass (mT) is defined from the transverse momenta and the
azimuthal angles of the charged lepton (pT and φ
) and neutrino (pνT and φ
ν ):
mT =
√
2pTp
ν
T (1− cos(φ

− φν)), where pνT = E
miss
T .
one or more jets being mismeasured by the calorimeter. A cut on
the difference in azimuthal angle between EmissT and the nearest
jet min(	φ(EmissT , jet)) > 1.8 is applied to further reduce the mul-
tijet background.
The transverse momentum of the vector boson, pVT , is recon-
structed from the two leptons in the ZH → +−b ¯b channel, from
the lepton and EmissT in the WH → νb ¯b channel and from E
miss
T
in the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channel.
Events in all channels are required to contain exactly two b-
tagged jets, of which one must have pT > 45 GeV and the other
pT > 25 GeV. If pVT is less than 200 GeV the two b-tagged jets
are required to have a separation of 	R > 0.7, to reduce W + jet
and Z + jet backgrounds. Additionally, in the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b chan-
nel a cut on the separation between the two jets of 	R < 2.0
(	R < 1.7) for pVT < 160 GeV (p
V
T > 160 GeV) is applied to reduce
the multijet background. Events in the ZH → +−b ¯b channel may
contain additional non-b-tagged jets, while in the WH → νb ¯b
and ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channels, events with additional jets are rejected
to further suppress top-quark background. In the WH → νb ¯b
analysis, where the top-quark background is dominant, events con-
taining additional jets with |η| < 4.5 and pT > 20 GeV are rejected,
while in the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channel the selection is restricted to jets
with |η| < 2.5 and pT > 25 GeV.
In the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b analysis, further cuts are applied on the
azimuthal angle between EmissT and the reconstructed transverse
momentum of the b ¯b system, 	φ(b ¯b, EmissT ), to further reject mul-
tijet background. The ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b signal, where the Higgs and Z
bosons recoil against each other, is characterized by large values of
this angle. The cuts of 	φ(b ¯b, EmissT ) > 2.7 for 120 < p
V
T < 160 GeV
and 	φ(b ¯b, EmissT ) > 2.9 for p
V
T  160 GeV were established from
MC-based optimization studies.
A search for H → b ¯b decays is performed by looking for an
excess of events above the background expectation in the invari-
ant mass distribution of the b-jet pair (mb ¯b). The value of the
reconstructed mb ¯b is scaled by a factor of 1.05, obtained from
MC-based studies, to account on average for e.g. losses due to
soft muons and neutrinos from b and c hadron decays. To in-
crease the sensitivity of the search, this distribution is examined
in bins of pVT . As the expected signal is characterized by a rela-
tively hard pVT spectrum, the signal to background ratio increases
with pVT . The ZH → 
+−b ¯b and WH → νb ¯b channels are exam-
ined in four bins of the transverse momentum of the reconstructed
W or Z boson, given by: pVT < 50 GeV, 50  p
V
T < 100 GeV,
100 pVT < 200 GeV and p
V
T  200 GeV. In the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b search
three bins are defined: 120 < pVT < 160 GeV, 160 p
V
T < 200 GeV
and pVT  200 GeV. The expected signal to background ratios for
a Higgs boson signal with mH = 120 GeV vary from about 1% in
the lowest pVT bins to about 10–15% in the highest p
V
T bins. For
this Higgs boson mass, 5.0% and 2.4% of the ZH → +−b ¯b and
WH → νb ¯b events are expected to pass the respective analysis
selections, with negligible contributions from other final states. On
the other hand, the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b analysis has a non-negligible con-
tribution from WH → νb ¯b: 2.1% of the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b signal and
0.2% of the WH → νb ¯b signal are expected to pass the analysis
selection.
6. Background estimation
Backgrounds are estimated using a combination of data-driven
and MC-based techniques. Significant sources of background in-
clude top, W + jet, Z + jet, diboson and multijet production. The
dominant background in the ZH → +−b ¯b channel is Z + jet
production. In the WH → νb ¯b channel both the top-quark and
372 ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390
Fi
ch
di
an
an
W
th
bo
ex
is
je
no
to
is
sa
or
po
di
bu
Z
fr
an
je
tiv
ov
w
st
ang. 1. (a) The dilepton invariant mass distribution in the ZH → +−b ¯b channel, (b) the missing transverse energy without the mT requirement in the WH → νb ¯b
annel, (c) the azimuthal angle separation between EmissT and p
miss
T and (d) the minimum azimuthal separation between E
miss
T and any jet in the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channel. All
stributions are shown for events containing two b-tagged jets. The various Monte Carlo background distributions are normalized to data sidebands and control distributions
d the multijet background is entirely estimated from data as described in the text. The vertical dashed lines correspond to the values of the cuts applied in each analysis,
d the horizontal arrows indicate the events selected by each cut.
+ jet production are important. In the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channel,
ere is a significant contribution from top, W + jet, Z + jet and di-
son production. Multijet production is a negligible background,
cept for the WH → νb ¯b channel.
The flavour composition of the W + jet and Z + jet backgrounds
determined partially from data.
The shapes of the mb ¯b distribution of the top, W + jet and Z +
t backgrounds are taken from MC simulation, with the respective
rmalizations being determined from data. The ratio of single-top
top-pair production is taken from NLO QCD computations [48].
The flavour composition of the W + jet and Z + jet samples
determined using templates produced from three exclusive MC
mples containing at least one true b jet, at least one true c jet,
only light jets. The relative normalizations of the three com-
nents are adjusted by fitting the distribution of the b-tagging
scriminating variable w found in MC simulation to the distri-
tion found in control data samples dominated by W + jet and
+ jet events. For the Z + jet sample this is a Z reconstructed
om 2 electrons or muons and 2 jets. The W + jet sample is a W
d 2 jets with an additional cut on the invariant mass of the 2
ts of less than 80 GeV to reduce top background. Once the rela-
e normalizations of the flavour components have been fixed, the
erall normalizations are determined from data in a separate step.
Sidebands in the mb ¯b distribution, defined by selecting events
In addition, two control regions which are dominated by top-
quark production are used to further constrain the normaliza-
tion of the top background. The ZH top control region selects
events from the sidebands of the Z boson mass peak: m ∈
[60 GeV,76 GeV]∪ [106 GeV,150 GeV] with EmissT > 50 GeV, while
the WH top control region selects W + 3 jet events with two b-
tagged jets.
The normalizations of the Z + jet, W + jet and top-quark back-
grounds are determined in the ZH → +−b ¯b or WH → νb ¯b
channels, by simultaneous fits to the sidebands of the mb ¯b distri-
butions, and either the ZH or WH top control regions defined
above. In the WH sideband fit, the normalizations of the top-
quark, the W + 2 jet and the W + 3 jet distributions are varied.
In the ZH sideband fit, the normalizations of the top-quark and
Z + jet backgrounds are left floating. The normalizations of the re-
maining sub-leading backgrounds are left fixed in the fit at their
expectation values from Monte Carlo predictions, except for mul-
tijet production which is estimated from data. The relative data
to MC normalization factors for top-quark background agree with
unity to within 20% in both the ZH → +−b ¯b or WH → νb ¯b
sideband fits. The normalization of the top-quark background in
the ZH → +−b ¯b signal region is based on the ZH sideband
and control region fit result. The normalization of the top-quark
background in the WH → νb ¯b and ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b signal regions isith mb ¯b < 80 GeV or 150 GeV < mb ¯b < 250 GeV along with the
andard event selection, are used to normalize the Z + jet, W + jet
d top backgrounds.
based on the WH sideband and control region fit result. Monte
Carlo simulation is used to estimate the shape of the Z + jet
(W + jet) background, while its normalization is determined in the
ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390 373
Fi
an
th
w
Z
th
an
tip
ad
to
ag
w
fr
ba
mg. 2. The invariant mass mb ¯b for ZH → 
+−b ¯b shown for the different pZT bins: (a) 0 < p
Z
T < 50 GeV, (b) 50 p
Z
T < 100 GeV, (c) 100 p
Z
T < 200 GeV, (d) p
Z
T  200 GeV
d (e) for the combination of all pZT bins. The signal distributions are shown for mH = 120 GeV and are enhanced by a factor of five for visibility. The shaded area indicates
e total uncertainty on the background prediction. For better visibility, the signal histogram is stacked onto the total background, unlike the various background components
hich are simply overlaid in the distribution.
H → +−b ¯b (WH → νb ¯b) sidebands to the signal regions of all
ree channels. The MC to data normalization factors for W + jet
d Z+ jet range from 0.8 to 2.4 depending on jet flavour and mul-
licity. The normalization factors are applied to the MC in several
ditional control samples with selections to enhance the Z , W or
p-quark contributions. After these corrections are applied, good
reement is found with the data in both shape and normalization
ithin the statistical and systematic uncertainties.
The backgrounds from multijet events are estimated entirely
+ −
to contribute less than 1% and is therefore neglected. Multijet EmissT
templates for the WH → νb ¯b channel are obtained by selecting
events with lepton candidates failing the charged lepton analysis
selection, but satisfying looser lepton selections. The normalization
is determined by fitting these templates to the EmissT distribution.
A 30% uncertainty is determined from a comparison between the
normalized templates and the data in a multijet-dominated control
region, defined by requiring EmissT < 25 GeV and mT < 40 GeV.
In the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channel, the multijet background is esti-
om collision data. For the ZH →   b ¯b channel, the multijet
ckground normalization is determined from the sidebands of the
 distribution in events containing at least two jets, and is found
mated using three control regions defined using two variables,
	φ(EmissT , p
miss
T ) and min(	φ(E
miss
T , jets)), which showed no ap-
preciable correlation. The ratio of events with 	φ(EmissT , jet) > 1.8
374 ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390
Fi
an
th
w
to
w
w
in
in
12
sp
of
in
ce
twg. 3. The invariant mass mb ¯b for WH → νb ¯b shown for the different p
W
T bins: (a) 0 < p
W
T < 50 GeV, (b) 50 p
W
T < 100 GeV, (c) 100 p
W
T < 200 GeV, (d) p
W
T  200 GeV
d (e) for the combination of all pWT bins. The signal distributions are shown for mH = 120 GeV and are enhanced by a factor of five for visibility. The shaded area indicates
e total uncertainty on the background prediction. For better visibility, the signal histogram is stacked onto the total background, unlike the various background components
hich are simply overlaid in the distribution.
those with min(	φ(EmissT , jet)) < 1.8 is determined for events
ith 	φ(EmissT , p
miss
T ) > π/2. This ratio is then applied to events
ith 	φ(EmissT , p
miss
T ) < π/2 to estimate the multijet background
the signal region. Upper estimates of the multijet contamination
the signal region are found to be 0.85, 0.04 and 0.26 events for
0 < pVT < 160 GeV, 160 p
V
T < 200 GeV and p
V
T  200 GeV, re-
ectively. The accuracy of the estimate is limited by the number
events in the control regions.
The distribution of m in the ZH → +−b ¯b channel is shown
by Z + jet with smaller contributions from top-quark and dibo-
son production. The EmissT distribution in the WH → νb ¯b chan-
nel is shown in Fig. 1(b) after all requirements, except for the
mT and EmissT cuts. The signal region is seen to have large con-
tributions from top-quark production and W + jet, with smaller
contributions from the multijet background, Z + jet and dibo-
son production. Figs. 1(c) and 1(d) show the 	φ(EmissT , p
miss
T ) and
min(	φ(EmissT , jet)) distributions for the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channel, af-
ter all requirements except for those applied to these variables.Fig. 1(a) after all analysis requirements have been applied (ex-
pt for the di-lepton mass cut), including the requirement of
o b-tagged jets. The signal region is seen to be dominated
The multijet background shape in Fig. 1(c) is obtained from data
events with min(	φ(EmissT , jet)) < 0.4, after subtracting the re-
maining backgrounds, and normalized to the data in the region
ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390 375
Fi
co
un
ar
de
is
iz
tiv
co
th
di
ul
da
7.
fe
le
th
an
th
re
be
th
3%
de
th
je
ofg. 4. The invariant mass mb ¯b for ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b shown for the different p
Z
T bins: (a) 120 < p
Z
T < 160 GeV, (b) 160 p
Z
T < 200 GeV, (c) p
Z
T  200 GeV and (d) for the
mbination of all pZT bins. The signal distributions are shown for mH = 120 GeV and are enhanced by a factor of five for visibility. The shaded area indicates the total
certainty on the background prediction. For better visibility, the signal histogram is stacked onto the total background, unlike the various background components which
e simply overlaid in the distribution.
fined by 	φ(EmissT , p
miss
T ) > π/2. In Fig. 1(d), the multijet shape
obtained from events with 	φ(EmissT , p
miss
T ) > π/2 and normal-
ed to data events with min(	φ(EmissT , jet)) < 0.4.
It can be seen that the requirements on these variables effec-
ely reduce the multijet background. The signal region has large
ntributions from Z + jet and top, with smaller contributions from
e W + jet, diboson production and multijet backgrounds. For all
stributions, the data are reasonably well described by MC sim-
ation and the multijet background, which was determined from
ta.
Systematic uncertainties
The sources of systematic uncertainty considered are those af-
cting the various efficiencies (reconstruction, identification, se-
ction), as well as the momentum or energy of physics objects,
e normalization and shape of the mb ¯b distribution of the signal
d background processes, and the integrated luminosity. Among
ese, the leading instrumental uncertainties for all channels are
lated to the uncertainty on the b-tagging efficiency, which varies
tween 5% and 19% depending on the b-tagged jet pT [44], and
e jet energy scale (JES) for b-tagged jets which varies between
and 14% depending on the jet pT and η [49]. The pT depen-
nce of the b-tagging efficiency has been considered, based on
relative fraction of Z + c-jets and W + c-jets derived from the fit
described in Section 6 by 30%.
The uncertainties on the SM Higgs boson inclusive cross sec-
tions are evaluated by varying the factorization and renormaliza-
tion scales, and by taking into account the uncertainties on the
PDFs, on the strong coupling constant and on the H → b ¯b branch-
ing fraction. These uncertainties are estimated to be ≈ 4% for both
WH and ZH production and are treated according to the rec-
ommendations given in Refs. [21,50,51]. Additional uncertainties
are considered, as a function of the transverse momentum of the
W and Z bosons, which range from ≈ 4% to ≈ 8%, depending on
channel and on the pWT or p
Z
T interval. These correspond to the dif-
ference between the inclusive and differential electroweak correc-
tions [22,12], and to differences in acceptance between the Pythia
and Powheg + Herwig generators. The latter arise mainly from
the perturbative QCD model uncertainty caused by rejecting events
with three or more jets in the WH → νb ¯b and ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b anal-
yses.
The uncertainties on the normalizations of the Z + jet, W + jet
and top-quark backgrounds are taken from the statistical uncer-
tainties on the fits to control regions and mb ¯b sidebands (see Sec-
tion 6) and from variations of the nominal fit result induced by
the remaining sources of systematic uncertainty. The resulting nor-
malization uncertainties are applied to the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channel.
A correlation between the normalizations of the W + jet and top-e full covariance matrix of the measured b-tagging efficiency in
t pT intervals [44]. The uncertainty on the flavour composition
the Z + jet and W + jet background is estimated by varying the
quark backgrounds is introduced by the simultaneous fit to the
mb ¯b sidebands and the WH top control region in the WH → νb ¯b
channel. This correlation is taken into account when transferring
376 ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390
Table 1
Number of data, simulated signal, and estimated background events in each bin of pVT for the WH → νb ¯b, ZH → 
+−b ¯b and ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channels. The signal corresponds
to a Higgs boson mass of mH = 120 GeV. The number of events is shown for the full signal region (mb ¯b ∈ [80 GeV,150 GeV]). Background sources found to be negligible are
signalled with “–”. Relative systematic uncertainties on the hypothesized signal and estimated total background are shown.
bin ZH → +−b ¯b W H → νb ¯b ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b
pVT [GeV] p
V
T [GeV] p
V
T [GeV]
0–50 50–100 100–200 >200 0–50 50–100 100–200 >200 120–160 160–200 >200
Number of events for 80 <mb ¯b < 150 GeV
Signal 1.3± 0.1 1.8 ± 0.2 1.6± 0.2 0.4 ± 0.1 5.0± 0.6 5.1± 0.6 3.7 ± 0.4 1.2± 0.2 2.0 ± 0.2 1.2± 0.1 1.5± 0.2
Top 17.4 24.1 7.3 0.2 229.9 342.7 201.3 8.2 35.2 8.3 4.1
W + jets – – – – 285.9 193.6 85.8 17.5 13.2 7.8 4.8
Z + jets 123.2 119.9 55.9 6.1 11.1 10.5 2.8 0.0 31.5 11.9 7.1
Diboson 7.2 5.6 3.6 0.7 12.6 11.9 7.8 1.4 4.6 4.3 3.6
Multijet – – – – 55.5 38.2 3.6 0.2 – – –
Total BG 148± 10 150 ± 6 67 ± 4 6.9± 1.2 596 ± 23 598± 16 302 ± 10 27± 5 85± 8 32± 3 20± 3
Data 141 163 61 13 614 588 271 15 105 22 25
Components of the relative systematic uncertainties of the background [%]
b-tag eff 1.4 1.0 0.3 4.8 0.9 1.3 0.9 7.2 4.1 4.2 5.5
BG norm 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.8 2.7 1.8 1.8 4.5 2.7 2.2 3.2
Ta
Th
hy
to
of
an
an
di
Th
di
er
fo
ti
m
ti
th
fe
W
th
at
(P
anJets/EmissT 2.1 1.2 2.7 5.1 1.5 1.4 2.1 9.5 7.7 8.2 12.1
Leptons 0.2 0.3 1.1 3.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luminosity 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.7
Pileup 0.9 1.6 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.5 1.6 2.5 3.0
Theory 5.2 1.3 4.7 14.9 2.2 0.3 1.6 14.8 2.9 4.0 7.7
Total BG 6.9 4.3 6.6 17.3 3.9 2.7 3.4 19.6 9.7 10.6 16.0
Components of the relative systematic uncertainties of the signal [%]
b-tag eff 6.4 6.4 7.0 13.7 6.4 6.4 7.0 12.1 7.1 8.2 9.2
Jets/EmissT 4.9 3.2 3.5 5.5 5.8 4.6 3.7 3.3 7.3 5.1 6.3
Leptons 0.9 1.2 1.7 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luminosity 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9
Pileup 0.5 1.1 1.8 2.2 1.2 0.3 0.3 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.0
Theory 4.6 3.6 3.3 5.3 4.4 4.7 5.0 8.0 3.3 3.3 5.6
Total signal 10.1 9.1 9.6 16.5 11.4 10.8 11.0 16.0 11.8 11.4 13.4
ble 2
e observed and expected 95% CL exclusion limits on the Higgs boson cross section for each channel, expressed in multiples of the SM cross section as a function of the
pothesized Higgs boson mass. The last two columns show the combined exclusion limits for the three channels.
Mass [GeV] ZH → +−b ¯b W H → νb ¯b ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b Combined
Obs. Exp. Obs. Exp. Obs. Exp. Obs. Exp.
110 7.7 6.0 3.3 4.2 3.7 4.0 2.5 2.5
115 7.7 6.2 4.0 4.9 3.6 4.2 2.6 2.7
120 10.4 8.0 4.9 5.9 4.8 5.0 3.4 3.3
125 11.6 9.1 5.5 7.5 7.3 6.0 4.6 4.0
130 14.4 11.6 5.9 9.2 10.3 7.6 5.5 4.9
the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channel the uncertainties on the normalization
these backgrounds.
The background normalization corrections are determined in
inclusive way, using all selected events in the ZH → +−b ¯b
d WH → νb ¯b channels, and the shape of the mb ¯b and p
V
T
stributions are in each case taken from the MC simulation.
erefore, a possible mismodelling of the underlying mb ¯b and p
V
T
stributions, as predicted by the MC generators, is also consid-
ed. An uncertainty due to the shape of the pZT distribution
r the Z + jet background in the ZH → +−b ¯b channel is es-
mated by finding variations of the MC pZT distribution in the
b ¯b sidebands which cover any differences between MC simula-
on and data. The mb ¯b distribution of simulated Z + jet events is
en reweighted according to these variations, to estimate the ef-
ct on the final results. An uncertainty due to the modelling of
+ jet in the WH → νb ¯b channel is estimated by reweighting
e pWT and mb ¯b distributions of simulated W + jet events by vari-
are applied to the normalization of the diboson samples and the
single-top sample, respectively. The normalization uncertainty for
the multijet background is taken to be 30% for WH → νb ¯b, as
described in Section 6. For ZH → +−b ¯b and ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b this
background is found to be negligible. The uncertainty in the in-
tegrated luminosity has been estimated to be 3.9% [15,16]. This
uncertainty is applied only to the simulated signal and to the di-
boson background, which are not normalized to the data. Where it
is applied, this systematic uncertainty is assumed to be correlated
among the different samples.
8. Results
The analysis is performed for five Higgs boson mass hypothe-
ses between 110 GeV and 130 GeV and the signal hypothesis is
tested based on a fit to the invariant mass distribution of the b-
jet pair, mb ¯b , in the signal region (80 < mb ¯b < 150 GeV). The mb ¯bions motivated by a comparison of different theoretical models
owheg + Pythia, Powheg + Herwig, aMC@NLO + Herwig [52]
d Alpgen + Herwig). Theoretical uncertainties of 11% and 15%
distribution is shown in Figs. 2–4 for each channel, separately for
different ranges of pVT . The data distributions are overlaid with the
expectations from the MC simulation and data-driven backgrounds.
ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390 377
Fi
SM
±
W
th
ex
re
sh
na
re
ar
ba
fic
un
lu
th
di
is
tio
lim
co
im
bu
th
on
syg. 5. Expected (dashed) and observed (solid line) exclusion limits for (a) the ZH → +−b ¯b, (b) WH → νb ¯b and (c) ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channels expressed as the ratio to the
Higgs boson cross section, using the profile-likelihood method with CLs . The dark (green in the web version) and light (yellow in the web version) areas represent the
1σ and ±2σ ranges of the expectation in the absence of a signal. (d) shows the 95% CL exclusion limits obtained from the combination of the three channels.
ithin the experimental uncertainty, the data show no excess over
e background expectation. The signal shape is dominated by the
perimental resolution on the jet energy measurement. The mb ¯b
solution for signal events is about 16 GeV on average.
The number of events in the signal region selected in data is
own in Table 1 for each channel. The expected number of sig-
l events for mH = 120 GeV is also shown, along with the cor-
sponding estimated number of background events. Also shown
e the relative systematic uncertainties on the signal and total
ckground yields arising from the following sources: b-tagging ef-
iency and mis-tag rate, background normalization, jet and EmissT
certainties, lepton reconstruction and identification, integrated
minosity, overlaid collision events (pileup), and uncertainties on
e MC predictions (theory). Uncertainties on the shape of the mb ¯b
stribution are also taken into account in the fit.
For each Higgs boson mass hypothesis, a one-sided upper limit
placed on the ratio of the Higgs boson production cross sec-
n to its SM value, μ = σ/σSM, at the 95% CL. The exclusion
its are derived from the CLs [53] treatment of the p-values
mputed with the profile likelihood ratio test statistic [54], as
plemented in the RooStats program [55], using the binned distri-
tion of mb ¯b . The systematic uncertainties are treated by making
terms within their expected uncertainties. The dependence of the
mb ¯b shapes on the nuisance parameters is described with bin-by-
bin linear interpolation between the corresponding +1σ or −1σ
variations and the nominal case.
The resulting exclusion limits are listed in Table 2 for each
channel and for the statistical combination of the three channels.
They are also plotted in Fig. 5. The limits are expressed as the
multiple of the SM Higgs boson production cross section which
is excluded at 95% CL for each value of the Higgs boson mass.
The observed upper limits range between 7.7 and 14.4 for the
ZH → +−b ¯b channel, between 3.3 and 5.9 for the WH → νb ¯b
channel and between 3.7 and 10.3 for the ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b channel,
depending on the Higgs boson mass. The combined exclusion limit
for the three channels together ranges from 2.5 to 5.5 times the
SM cross section, depending on the Higgs boson mass. The limits
include systematic uncertainties, the largest of which arise from
the top, Z + jet, and W + jet background estimates, the b-tagging
efficiency, and the jet energy scale. The systematic uncertainties
weaken the limits by 25–40% depending on the search channel.
9. Summarye expected mb ¯b templates and sample normalizations dependent
additional fit parameters (“nuisance parameters”), one for each
stematic uncertainty, which are then constrained with Gaussian
This Letter presents the results of a direct search by ATLAS for
the SM Higgs boson produced in association with a W or Z bo-
son. The following decay channels are considered: ZH → +−b ¯b,
378 ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390
W H → νb ¯b and ZH → ν ¯νb ¯b, where  corresponds to an electron
or a muon. The mass range 110 < mH < 130 GeV is examined for
five Higgs boson mass hypotheses separated by 5 GeV steps. The
three channels use datasets corresponding to 4.6–4.7 fb−1 of pp
collisions at
√
s = 7 TeV. No significant excess of events above the
estimated backgrounds is observed. Upper limits on Higgs boson
production, at the 95% CL, of 2.5 to 5.5 times the SM cross sec-
tion are obtained in the mass range 110–130 GeV. The expected
exclusion limits range between 2.5 and 4.9 for the same mass in-
terval.
Acknowledgements
We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC,
as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom
ATLAS could not be operated efficiently.
We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Ar-
menia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC,
Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada;
CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS,
Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF,
DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET and ERC,
European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Geor-
gia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT,
Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN,
Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO,
Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Por-
tugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM,
Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and
MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and
Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern
and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the
Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and
NSF, United States.
The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is ac-
knowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS
Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway,
Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF
(Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK)
and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide.
Open access
This article is published Open Access at sciencedirect.com. It
is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribu-
tion License 3.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and
source are credited.
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C. Guicheney 33, A. Guida 72a,72b, S. Guindon 54, U. Gul 53, H. Guler 85,p, J. Gunther 125, B. Guo 158,
J. Guo 34, P. Gutierrez 111, N. Guttman 153, O. Gutzwiller 173, C. Guyot 136, C. Gwenlan 118, C.B. Gwilliam 73,
A. Haas 143, S. Haas 29, C. Haber 14, H.K. Hadavand 39, D.R. Hadley 17, P. Haefner 20, F. Hahn 29, S. Haider 29,
Z. Hajduk 38, H. Hakobyan 177, D. Hall 118, J. Haller 54, K. Hamacher 175, P. Hamal 113, M. Hamer 54,
A. Hamilton 145b,q, S. Hamilton 161, L. Han 32b, K. Hanagaki 116, K. Hanawa 160, M. Hance 14, C. Handel 81,
P. Hanke 58a, J.R. Hansen 35, J.B. Hansen 35, J.D. Hansen 35, P.H. Hansen 35, P. Hansson 143, K. Hara 160,
G.A. Hare 137, T. Harenberg 175, S. Harkusha 90, D. Harper 87, R.D. Harrington 45, O.M. Harris 138,
J. Hartert 48, F. Hartjes 105, T. Haruyama 65, A. Harvey 56, S. Hasegawa 101, Y. Hasegawa 140, S. Hassani 136,
S. Haug 16, M. Hauschild 29, R. Hauser 88, M. Havranek 20, C.M. Hawkes 17, R.J. Hawkings 29,
A.D. Hawkins 79, D. Hawkins 163, T. Hayakawa 66, T. Hayashi 160, D. Hayden 76, C.P. Hays 118,
H.S. Hayward 73, S.J. Haywood 129, M. He 32d, S.J. Head 17, V. Hedberg 79, L. Heelan 7, S. Heim 88,
B. Heinemann 14, S. Heisterkamp 35, L. Helary 21, C. Heller 98, M. Heller 29, S. Hellman 146a,146b,
D. Hellmich 20, C. Helsens 11, R.C.W. Henderson 71, M. Henke 58a, A. Henrichs 54,
A.M. Henriques Correia 29, S. Henrot-Versille 115, C. Hensel 54, T. Henß 175, C.M. Hernandez 7,
Y. Hernández Jiménez 167, R. Herrberg 15, G. Herten 48, R. Hertenberger 98, L. Hervas 29, G.G. Hesketh 77,
N.P. Hessey 105, E. Higón-Rodriguez 167, J.C. Hill 27, K.H. Hiller 41, S. Hillert 20, S.J. Hillier 17, I. Hinchliffe 14,
E. Hines 120, M. Hirose 116, F. Hirsch 42, D. Hirschbuehl 175, J. Hobbs 148, N. Hod 153, M.C. Hodgkinson 139,
P. Hodgson 139, A. Hoecker 29, M.R. Hoeferkamp 103, J. Hoffman 39, D. Hoffmann 83, M. Hohlfeld 81,
M. Holder 141, S.O. Holmgren 146a, T. Holy 127, J.L. Holzbauer 88, T.M. Hong 120,
L. Hooft van Huysduynen 108, C. Horn 143, S. Horner 48, J.-Y. Hostachy 55, S. Hou 151, A. Hoummada 135a,
J. Howard 118, J. Howarth 82, I. Hristova 15, J. Hrivnac 115, T. Hryn’ova 4, P.J. Hsu 81, S.-C. Hsu 14,
Z. Hubacek 127, F. Hubaut 83, F. Huegging 20, A. Huettmann 41, T.B. Huffman 118, E.W. Hughes 34,
G. Hughes 71, M. Huhtinen 29, M. Hurwitz 14, U. Husemann 41, N. Huseynov 64,r , J. Huston 88, J. Huth 57,
G. Iacobucci 49, G. Iakovidis 9, M. Ibbotson 82, I. Ibragimov 141, L. Iconomidou-Fayard 115, J. Idarraga 115,
P. Iengo 102a, O. Igonkina 105, Y. Ikegami 65, M. Ikeno 65, D. Iliadis 154, N. Ilic 158, T. Ince 20,
J. Inigo-Golfin 29, P. Ioannou 8, M. Iodice 134a, K. Iordanidou 8, V. Ippolito 132a,132b, A. Irles Quiles 167,
C. Isaksson 166, M. Ishino 67, M. Ishitsuka 157, R. Ishmukhametov 39, C. Issever 118, S. Istin 18a,
A.V. Ivashin 128, W. Iwanski 38, H. Iwasaki 65, J.M. Izen 40, V. Izzo 102a, B. Jackson 120, J.N. Jackson 73,
M. Jackson 73, P. Jackson 143, M.R. Jaekel 29, V. Jain 60, K. Jakobs 48, S. Jakobsen 35, T. Jakoubek 125,
J. Jakubek 127, D.O. Jamin 151, D.K. Jana 111, E. Jansen 77, H. Jansen 29, A. Jantsch 99, M. Janus 48,
G. Jarlskog 79, L. Jeanty 57, I. Jen-La Plante 30, P. Jenni 29, A. Jeremie 4, P. Jež 35, S. Jézéquel 4, M.K. Jha 19a,
H. Ji 173, W. Ji 81, J. Jia 148, Y. Jiang 32b, M. Jimenez Belenguer 41, S. Jin 32a, O. Jinnouchi 157,
M.D. Joergensen 35, D. Joffe 39, M. Johansen 146a,146b, K.E. Johansson 146a, P. Johansson 139, S. Johnert 41,
K.A. Johns 6, K. Jon-And 146a,146b, G. Jones 170, R.W.L. Jones 71, T.J. Jones 73, C. Joram 29, P.M. Jorge 124a,
K.D. Joshi 82, J. Jovicevic 147, T. Jovin 12b, X. Ju 173, C.A. Jung 42, R.M. Jungst 29, V. Juranek 125, P. Jussel 61,
A. Juste Rozas 11, S. Kabana 16, M. Kaci 167, A. Kaczmarska 38, P. Kadlecik 35, M. Kado 115, H. Kagan 109,
M. Kagan 57, E. Kajomovitz 152, S. Kalinin 175, L.V. Kalinovskaya 64, S. Kama 39, N. Kanaya 155, M. Kaneda 29,
S. Kaneti 27, T. Kanno 157, V.A. Kantserov 96, J. Kanzaki 65, B. Kaplan 176, A. Kapliy 30, J. Kaplon 29, D. Kar 53,
M. Karagounis 20, K. Karakostas 9, M. Karnevskiy 41, V. Kartvelishvili 71, A.N. Karyukhin 128, L. Kashif 173,
G. Kasieczka 58b, R.D. Kass 109, A. Kastanas 13, M. Kataoka 4, Y. Kataoka 155, E. Katsoufis 9, J. Katzy 41,
V. Kaushik 6, K. Kawagoe 69, T. Kawamoto 155, G. Kawamura 81, M.S. Kayl 105, V.A. Kazanin 107,
M.Y. Kazarinov 64, R. Keeler 169, R. Kehoe 39, M. Keil 54, G.D. Kekelidze 64, J.S. Keller 138, M. Kenyon 53,
O. Kepka 125, N. Kerschen 29, B.P. Kerševan 74, S. Kersten 175, K. Kessoku 155, J. Keung 158, F. Khalil-zada 10,
H. Khandanyan 165, A. Khanov 112, D. Kharchenko 64, A. Khodinov 96, A. Khomich 58a, T.J. Khoo 27,
G. Khoriauli 20, A. Khoroshilov 175, V. Khovanskiy 95, E. Khramov 64, J. Khubua 51b, H. Kim 146a,146b,
S.H. Kim 160, N. Kimura 171, O. Kind 15, B.T. King 73, M. King 66, R.S.B. King 118, J. Kirk 129, A.E. Kiryunin 99,
T. Kishimoto 66, D. Kisielewska 37, T. Kittelmann 123, E. Kladiva 144b, M. Klein 73, U. Klein 73,
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K. Kleinknecht 81, M. Klemetti 85, A. Klier 172, P. Klimek 146a,146b, A. Klimentov 24, R. Klingenberg 42,
J.A. Klinger 82, E.B. Klinkby 35, T. Klioutchnikova 29, P.F. Klok 104, S. Klous 105, E.-E. Kluge 58a, T. Kluge 73,
P. Kluit 105, S. Kluth 99, N.S. Knecht 158, E. Kneringer 61, E.B.F.G. Knoops 83, A. Knue 54, B.R. Ko 44,
T. Kobayashi 155, M. Kobel 43, M. Kocian 143, P. Kodys 126, K. Köneke 29, A.C. König 104, S. Koenig 81,
L. Köpke 81, F. Koetsveld 104, P. Koevesarki 20, T. Koffas 28, E. Koffeman 105, L.A. Kogan 118, S. Kohlmann 175,
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I. Koletsou 89a, J. Koll 88, M. Kollefrath 48, A.A. Komar 94, Y. Komori 155, T. Kondo 65, T. Kono 41,s,
A.I. Kononov 48, R. Konoplich 108,t , N. Konstantinidis 77, S. Koperny 37, K. Korcyl 38, K. Kordas 154,
A. Korn 118, A. Korol 107, I. Korolkov 11, E.V. Korolkova 139, V.A. Korotkov 128, O. Kortner 99, S. Kortner 99,
V.V. Kostyukhin 20, S. Kotov 99, V.M. Kotov 64, A. Kotwal 44, C. Kourkoumelis 8, V. Kouskoura 154,
A. Koutsman 159a, R. Kowalewski 169, T.Z. Kowalski 37, W. Kozanecki 136, A.S. Kozhin 128, V. Kral 127,
V.A. Kramarenko 97, G. Kramberger 74, M.W. Krasny 78, A. Krasznahorkay 108, J. Kraus 88, J.K. Kraus 20,
S. Kreiss 108, F. Krejci 127, J. Kretzschmar 73, N. Krieger 54, P. Krieger 158, K. Kroeninger 54, H. Kroha 99,
J. Kroll 120, J. Kroseberg 20, J. Krstic 12a, U. Kruchonak 64, H. Krüger 20, T. Kruker 16, N. Krumnack 63,
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F. Lacava 132a,132b, H. Lacker 15, D. Lacour 78, V.R. Lacuesta 167, E. Ladygin 64, R. Lafaye 4, B. Laforge 78,
T. Lagouri 80, S. Lai 48, E. Laisne 55, M. Lamanna 29, L. Lambourne 77, C.L. Lampen 6, W. Lampl 6,
E. Lancon 136, U. Landgraf 48, M.P.J. Landon 75, J.L. Lane 82, V.S. Lang 58a, C. Lange 41, A.J. Lankford 163,
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M. Lassnig 29, P. Laurelli 47, V. Lavorini 36a,36b, W. Lavrijsen 14, P. Laycock 73, O. Le Dortz 78,
E. Le Guirriec 83, C. Le Maner 158, E. Le Menedeu 11, T. LeCompte 5, F. Ledroit-Guillon 55, H. Lee 105,
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B. Lemmer 54, V. Lendermann 58a, K.J.C. Leney 145b, T. Lenz 105, G. Lenzen 175, B. Lenzi 29, K. Leonhardt 43,
S. Leontsinis 9, F. Lepold 58a, C. Leroy 93, J.-R. Lessard 169, C.G. Lester 27, C.M. Lester 120, J. Levêque 4,
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J. Llorente Merino 80, S.L. Lloyd 75, E. Lobodzinska 41, P. Loch 6, W.S. Lockman 137, T. Loddenkoetter 20,
F.K. Loebinger 82, A. Loginov 176, C.W. Loh 168, T. Lohse 15, K. Lohwasser 48, M. Lokajicek 125,
V.P. Lombardo 4, R.E. Long 71, L. Lopes 124a, D. Lopez Mateos 57, J. Lorenz 98, N. Lorenzo Martinez 115,
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G. Maccarrone 47, A. Macchiolo 99, B. Macˇek 74, J. Machado Miguens 124a, R. Mackeprang 35,
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E. Magradze 54, K. Mahboubi 48, S. Mahmoud 73, G. Mahout 17, C. Maiani 136, C. Maidantchik 23a,
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P. Malecki 38, V.P. Maleev 121, F. Malek 55, U. Mallik 62, D. Malon 5, C. Malone 143, S. Maltezos 9,
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A. Mann 54, P.M. Manning 137, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis 8, B. Mansoulie 136, A. Mapelli 29, L. Mapelli 29,
L. March 80, J.F. Marchand 28, F. Marchese 133a,133b, G. Marchiori 78, M. Marcisovsky 125, C.P. Marino 169,
F. Marroquim 23a, Z. Marshall 29, F.K. Martens 158, L.F. Marti 16, S. Marti-Garcia 167, B. Martin 29,
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H. Matsunaga 155, T. Matsushita 66, C. Mattravers 118,c, J. Maurer 83, S.J. Maxfield 73, A. Mayne 139,
R. Mazini 151, M. Mazur 20, L. Mazzaferro 133a,133b, M. Mazzanti 89a, S.P. Mc Kee 87, A. McCarn 165,
R.L. McCarthy 148, T.G. McCarthy 28, N.A. McCubbin 129, K.W. McFarlane 56,∗, J.A. Mcfayden 139,
H. McGlone 53, G. Mchedlidze 51b, T. Mclaughlan 17, S.J. McMahon 129, R.A. McPherson 169,k, A. Meade 84,
J. Mechnich 105, M. Mechtel 175, M. Medinnis 41, R. Meera-Lebbai 111, T. Meguro 116, R. Mehdiyev 93,
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F. Meloni 89a,89b, L. Mendoza Navas 162, Z. Meng 151,u, A. Mengarelli 19a,19b, S. Menke 99, E. Meoni 161,
K.M. Mercurio 57, P. Mermod 49, L. Merola 102a,102b, C. Meroni 89a, F.S. Merritt 30, H. Merritt 109,
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S. Migas 73, L. Mijovic´ 136, G. Mikenberg 172, M. Mikestikova 125, M. Mikuž 74, D.W. Miller 30, R.J. Miller 88,
W.J. Mills 168, C. Mills 57, A. Milov 172, D.A. Milstead 146a,146b, D. Milstein 172, A.A. Minaenko 128,
M. Miñano Moya 167, I.A. Minashvili 64, A.I. Mincer 108, B. Mindur 37, M. Mineev 64, Y. Ming 173,
L.M. Mir 11, G. Mirabelli 132a, J. Mitrevski 137, V.A. Mitsou 167, S. Mitsui 65, P.S. Miyagawa 139,
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M. Pecsy 144a, M.I. Pedraza Morales 173, S.V. Peleganchuk 107, D. Pelikan 166, H. Peng 32b, B. Penning 30,
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D.T. Pignotti 109, J.E. Pilcher 30, A.D. Pilkington 82, J. Pina 124a,b, M. Pinamonti 164a,164c, A. Pinder 118,
J.L. Pinfold 2, B. Pinto 124a, C. Pizio 89a,89b, M. Plamondon 169, M.-A. Pleier 24, E. Plotnikova 64,
A. Poblaguev 24, S. Poddar 58a, F. Podlyski 33, L. Poggioli 115, T. Poghosyan 20, M. Pohl 49, G. Polesello 119a,
A. Policicchio 36a,36b, A. Polini 19a, J. Poll 75, V. Polychronakos 24, D. Pomeroy 22, K. Pommès 29,
L. Pontecorvo 132a, B.G. Pope 88, G.A. Popeneciu 25a, D.S. Popovic 12a, A. Poppleton 29, X. Portell Bueso 29,
G.E. Pospelov 99, S. Pospisil 127, I.N. Potrap 99, C.J. Potter 149, C.T. Potter 114, G. Poulard 29, J. Poveda 60,
V. Pozdnyakov 64, R. Prabhu 77, P. Pralavorio 83, A. Pranko 14, S. Prasad 29, R. Pravahan 24, S. Prell 63,
K. Pretzl 16, D. Price 60, J. Price 73, L.E. Price 5, D. Prieur 123, M. Primavera 72a, K. Prokofiev 108,
F. Prokoshin 31b, S. Protopopescu 24, J. Proudfoot 5, X. Prudent 43, M. Przybycien 37, H. Przysiezniak 4,
S. Psoroulas 20, E. Ptacek 114, E. Pueschel 84, J. Purdham87, M. Purohit 24,ac, P. Puzo 115, Y. Pylypchenko 62,
J. Qian 87, A. Quadt 54, D.R. Quarrie 14, W.B. Quayle 173, F. Quinonez 31a, M. Raas 104, V. Radescu 41,
P. Radloff 114, T. Rador 18a, F. Ragusa 89a,89b, G. Rahal 178, A.M. Rahimi 109, D. Rahm24, S. Rajagopalan 24,
M. Rammensee 48, M. Rammes 141, A.S. Randle-Conde 39, K. Randrianarivony 28, F. Rauscher 98,
T.C. Rave 48, M. Raymond 29, A.L. Read 117, D.M. Rebuzzi 119a,119b, A. Redelbach 174, G. Redlinger 24,
R. Reece 120, K. Reeves 40, E. Reinherz-Aronis 153, A. Reinsch 114, I. Reisinger 42, C. Rembser 29, Z.L. Ren 151,
A. Renaud 115, M. Rescigno 132a, S. Resconi 89a, B. Resende 136, P. Reznicek 98, R. Rezvani 158, R. Richter 99,
E. Richter-Was 4,af , M. Ridel 78, M. Rijpstra 105, M. Rijssenbeek 148, A. Rimoldi 119a,119b, L. Rinaldi 19a,
R.R. Rios 39, I. Riu 11, G. Rivoltella 89a,89b, F. Rizatdinova 112, E. Rizvi 75, S.H. Robertson 85,k,
A. Robichaud-Veronneau 118, D. Robinson 27, J.E.M. Robinson 77, A. Robson 53, J.G. Rocha de Lima 106,
C. Roda 122a,122b, D. Roda Dos Santos 29, A. Roe 54, S. Roe 29, O. Røhne 117, S. Rolli 161, A. Romaniouk 96,
M. Romano 19a,19b, G. Romeo 26, E. Romero Adam167, L. Roos 78, E. Ros 167, S. Rosati 132a, K. Rosbach 49,
A. Rose 149, M. Rose 76, G.A. Rosenbaum158, E.I. Rosenberg 63, P.L. Rosendahl 13, O. Rosenthal 141,
L. Rosselet 49, V. Rossetti 11, E. Rossi 132a,132b, L.P. Rossi 50a, M. Rotaru 25a, I. Roth 172, J. Rothberg 138,
D. Rousseau 115, C.R. Royon 136, A. Rozanov 83, Y. Rozen 152, X. Ruan 32a,ag , F. Rubbo 11, I. Rubinskiy 41,
B. Ruckert 98, N. Ruckstuhl 105, V.I. Rud 97, C. Rudolph 43, G. Rudolph 61, F. Rühr 6, A. Ruiz-Martinez 63,
L. Rumyantsev 64, Z. Rurikova 48, N.A. Rusakovich 64, J.P. Rutherfoord 6, C. Ruwiedel 14,∗, P. Ruzicka 125,
Y.F. Ryabov 121, P. Ryan 88, M. Rybar 126, G. Rybkin 115, N.C. Ryder 118, A.F. Saavedra 150, I. Sadeh 153,
H.F-W. Sadrozinski 137, R. Sadykov 64, F. Safai Tehrani 132a, H. Sakamoto 155, G. Salamanna 75,
A. Salamon 133a, M. Saleem 111, D. Salek 29, D. Salihagic 99, A. Salnikov 143, J. Salt 167,
B.M. Salvachua Ferrando 5, D. Salvatore 36a,36b, F. Salvatore 149, A. Salvucci 104, A. Salzburger 29,
D. Sampsonidis 154, B.H. Samset 117, A. Sanchez 102a,102b, V. Sanchez Martinez 167, H. Sandaker 13,
H.G. Sander 81, M.P. Sanders 98, M. Sandhoff 175, T. Sandoval 27, C. Sandoval 162, R. Sandstroem99,
D.P.C. Sankey 129, A. Sansoni 47, C. Santamarina Rios 85, C. Santoni 33, R. Santonico 133a,133b, H. Santos 124a,
J.G. Saraiva 124a, T. Sarangi 173, E. Sarkisyan-Grinbaum7, F. Sarri 122a,122b, G. Sartisohn 175, O. Sasaki 65,
N. Sasao 67, I. Satsounkevitch 90, G. Sauvage 4,∗, E. Sauvan 4, J.B. Sauvan 115, P. Savard 158,d, V. Savinov 123,
D.O. Savu 29, L. Sawyer 24,m, D.H. Saxon 53, J. Saxon 120, C. Sbarra 19a, A. Sbrizzi 19a,19b, O. Scallon 93,
D.A. Scannicchio 163, M. Scarcella 150, J. Schaarschmidt 115, P. Schacht 99, D. Schaefer 120, U. Schäfer 81,
S. Schaepe 20, S. Schaetzel 58b, A.C. Schaffer 115, D. Schaile 98, R.D. Schamberger 148, A.G. Schamov 107,
V. Scharf 58a, V.A. Schegelsky 121, D. Scheirich 87, M. Schernau 163, M.I. Scherzer 34, C. Schiavi 50a,50b,
J. Schieck 98, M. Schioppa 36a,36b, S. Schlenker 29, E. Schmidt 48, K. Schmieden 20, C. Schmitt 81,
S. Schmitt 58b, M. Schmitz 20, B. Schneider 16, U. Schnoor 43, A. Schoening 58b, A.L.S. Schorlemmer 54,
M. Schott 29, D. Schouten 159a, J. Schovancova 125, M. Schram 85, C. Schroeder 81, N. Schroer 58c,
M.J. Schultens 20, J. Schultes 175, H.-C. Schultz-Coulon 58a, H. Schulz 15, M. Schumacher 48,
B.A. Schumm137, Ph. Schune 136, C. Schwanenberger 82, A. Schwartzman 143, Ph. Schwemling 78,
R. Schwienhorst 88, R. Schwierz 43, J. Schwindling 136, T. Schwindt 20, M. Schwoerer 4, G. Sciolla 22,
W.G. Scott 129, J. Searcy 114, G. Sedov 41, E. Sedykh 121, S.C. Seidel 103, A. Seiden 137, F. Seifert 43,
J.M. Seixas 23a, G. Sekhniaidze 102a, S.J. Sekula 39, K.E. Selbach 45, D.M. Seliverstov 121, B. Sellden 146a,
G. Sellers 73, M. Seman 144b, N. Semprini-Cesari 19a,19b, C. Serfon 98, L. Serin 115, L. Serkin 54, R. Seuster 99,
386 ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390
H. Severini 111, A. Sfyrla 29, E. Shabalina 54, M. Shamim114, L.Y. Shan 32a, J.T. Shank 21, Q.T. Shao 86,
M. Shapiro 14, P.B. Shatalov 95, K. Shaw 164a,164c, D. Sherman 176, P. Sherwood 77, A. Shibata 108,
S. Shimizu 29, M. Shimojima 100, T. Shin 56, M. Shiyakova 64, A. Shmeleva 94, M.J. Shochet 30, D. Short 118,
S. Shrestha 63, E. Shulga 96, M.A. Shupe 6, P. Sicho 125, A. Sidoti 132a, F. Siegert 48, Dj. Sijacki 12a,
O. Silbert 172, J. Silva 124a, Y. Silver 153, D. Silverstein 143, S.B. Silverstein 146a, V. Simak 127, O. Simard 136,
Lj. Simic 12a, S. Simion 115, E. Simioni 81, B. Simmons 77, R. Simoniello 89a,89b, M. Simonyan 35,
P. Sinervo 158, N.B. Sinev 114, V. Sipica 141, G. Siragusa 174, A. Sircar 24, A.N. Sisakyan 64,∗,
S.Yu. Sivoklokov 97, J. Sjölin 146a,146b, T.B. Sjursen 13, L.A. Skinnari 14, H.P. Skottowe 57, K. Skovpen 107,
P. Skubic 111, M. Slater 17, T. Slavicek 127, K. Sliwa 161, V. Smakhtin 172, B.H. Smart 45, S.Yu. Smirnov 96,
Y. Smirnov 96, L.N. Smirnova 97, O. Smirnova 79, B.C. Smith 57, D. Smith 143, K.M. Smith 53,
M. Smizanska 71, K. Smolek 127, A.A. Snesarev 94, S.W. Snow 82, J. Snow 111, S. Snyder 24, R. Sobie 169,k,
J. Sodomka 127, A. Soffer 153, C.A. Solans 167, M. Solar 127, J. Solc 127, E.Yu. Soldatov 96, U. Soldevila 167,
E. Solfaroli Camillocci 132a,132b, A.A. Solodkov 128, O.V. Solovyanov 128, N. Soni 86, V. Sopko 127,
B. Sopko 127, M. Sosebee 7, R. Soualah 164a,164c, A. Soukharev 107, S. Spagnolo 72a,72b, F. Spanò 76,
R. Spighi 19a, G. Spigo 29, F. Spila 132a,132b, R. Spiwoks 29, M. Spousta 126,ah, T. Spreitzer 158, B. Spurlock 7,
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M. Stanescu-Bellu 41, S. Stapnes 117, E.A. Starchenko 128, J. Stark 55, P. Staroba 125, P. Starovoitov 41,
R. Staszewski 38, A. Staude 98, P. Stavina 144a,∗, G. Steele 53, P. Steinbach 43, P. Steinberg 24, I. Stekl 127,
B. Stelzer 142, H.J. Stelzer 88, O. Stelzer-Chilton 159a, H. Stenzel 52, S. Stern 99, G.A. Stewart 29,
J.A. Stillings 20, M.C. Stockton 85, K. Stoerig 48, G. Stoicea 25a, S. Stonjek 99, P. Strachota 126, A.R. Stradling 7,
A. Straessner 43, J. Strandberg 147, S. Strandberg 146a,146b, A. Strandlie 117, M. Strang 109, E. Strauss 143,
M. Strauss 111, P. Strizenec 144b, R. Ströhmer 174, D.M. Strom 114, J.A. Strong 76,∗, R. Stroynowski 39,
J. Strube 129, B. Stugu 13, I. Stumer 24,∗, J. Stupak 148, P. Sturm 175, N.A. Styles 41, D.A. Soh 151,w, D. Su 143,
HS. Subramania 2, A. Succurro 11, Y. Sugaya 116, C. Suhr 106, M. Suk 126, V.V. Sulin 94, S. Sultansoy 3d,
T. Sumida 67, X. Sun 55, J.E. Sundermann 48, K. Suruliz 139, G. Susinno 36a,36b, M.R. Sutton 149, Y. Suzuki 65,
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K. Tackmann 41, A. Taffard 163, R. Tafirout 159a, N. Taiblum 153, Y. Takahashi 101, H. Takai 24,
R. Takashima 68, H. Takeda 66, T. Takeshita 140, Y. Takubo 65, M. Talby 83, A. Talyshev 107,f , M.C. Tamsett 24,
J. Tanaka 155, R. Tanaka 115, S. Tanaka 131, S. Tanaka 65, A.J. Tanasijczuk 142, K. Tani 66, N. Tannoury 83,
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P.D. Thompson 158, A.S. Thompson 53, L.A. Thomsen 35, E. Thomson 120, M. Thomson 27, R.P. Thun 87,
F. Tian 34, M.J. Tibbetts 14, T. Tic 125, V.O. Tikhomirov 94, Y.A. Tikhonov 107,f , S. Timoshenko 96,
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J. Tojo 69, S. Tokár 144a, K. Tokushuku 65, K. Tollefson 88, M. Tomoto 101, L. Tompkins 30, K. Toms 103,
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J. Toth 83,ad, F. Touchard 83, D.R. Tovey 139, T. Trefzger 174, L. Tremblet 29, A. Tricoli 29, I.M. Trigger 159a,
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M. Trottier-McDonald 142, M. Trzebinski 38, A. Trzupek 38, C. Tsarouchas 29, J.C-L. Tseng 118, M. Tsiakiris 105,
P.V. Tsiareshka 90, D. Tsionou 4,ai, G. Tsipolitis 9, S. Tsiskaridze 11, V. Tsiskaridze 48, E.G. Tskhadadze 51a,
I.I. Tsukerman 95, V. Tsulaia 14, J.-W. Tsung 20, S. Tsuno 65, D. Tsybychev 148, A. Tua 139, A. Tudorache 25a,
V. Tudorache 25a, J.M. Tuggle 30, M. Turala 38, D. Turecek 127, I. Turk Cakir 3e, E. Turlay 105, R. Turra 89a,89b,
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R. Ueno 28, M. Ugland 13, M. Uhlenbrock 20, M. Uhrmacher 54, F. Ukegawa 160, G. Unal 29, A. Undrus 24,
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B. Vachon 85, S. Vahsen 14, J. Valenta 125, P. Valente 132a, S. Valentinetti 19a,19b, A. Valero 167, S. Valkar 126,
E. Valladolid Gallego 167, S. Vallecorsa 152, J.A. Valls Ferrer 167, H. van der Graaf 105, E. van der Kraaij 105,
R. Van Der Leeuw 105, E. van der Poel 105, D. van der Ster 29, N. van Eldik 29, P. van Gemmeren 5,
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A. Ventura 72a,72b, D. Ventura 84, M. Venturi 48, N. Venturi 158, V. Vercesi 119a, M. Verducci 138,
W. Verkerke 105, J.C. Vermeulen 105, A. Vest 43, M.C. Vetterli 142,d, I. Vichou 165, T. Vickey 145b,aj,
O.E. Vickey Boeriu 145b, G.H.A. Viehhauser 118, S. Viel 168, M. Villa 19a,19b, M. Villaplana Perez 167,
E. Vilucchi 47, M.G. Vincter 28, E. Vinek 29, V.B. Vinogradov 64, M. Virchaux 136,∗, J. Virzi 14, O. Vitells 172,
M. Viti 41, I. Vivarelli 48, F. Vives Vaque 2, S. Vlachos 9, D. Vladoiu 98, M. Vlasak 127, A. Vogel 20,
P. Vokac 127, G. Volpi 47, M. Volpi 86, G. Volpini 89a, H. von der Schmitt 99, J. von Loeben 99,
H. von Radziewski 48, E. von Toerne 20, V. Vorobel 126, V. Vorwerk 11, M. Vos 167, R. Voss 29, T.T. Voss 175,
J.H. Vossebeld 73, N. Vranjes 136, M. Vranjes Milosavljevic 105, V. Vrba 125, M. Vreeswijk 105, T. Vu Anh 48,
R. Vuillermet 29, I. Vukotic 115, W. Wagner 175, P. Wagner 120, H. Wahlen 175, S. Wahrmund 43,
J. Wakabayashi 101, S. Walch 87, J. Walder 71, R. Walker 98, W. Walkowiak 141, R. Wall 176, P. Waller 73,
C. Wang 44, H. Wang 173, H. Wang 32b,ak, J. Wang 151, J. Wang 55, R. Wang 103, S.M. Wang 151, T. Wang 20,
A. Warburton 85, C.P. Ward 27, M. Warsinsky 48, A. Washbrook 45, C. Wasicki 41, P.M. Watkins 17,
A.T. Watson 17, I.J. Watson 150, M.F. Watson 17, G. Watts 138, S. Watts 82, A.T. Waugh 150, B.M. Waugh 77,
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N. Wermes 20, M. Werner 48, P. Werner 29, M. Werth 163, M. Wessels 58a, J. Wetter 161, C. Weydert 55,
K. Whalen 28, S.J. Wheeler-Ellis 163, A. White 7, M.J. White 86, S. White 122a,122b, S.R. Whitehead 118,
D. Whiteson 163, D. Whittington 60, F. Wicek 115, D. Wicke 175, F.J. Wickens 129, W. Wiedenmann 173,
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A.M. Zaitsev 128, Z. Zajacova 29, L. Zanello 132a,132b, A. Zaytsev 107, C. Zeitnitz 175, M. Zeman 125,
A. Zemla 38, C. Zendler 20, O. Zenin 128, T. Ženiš 144a, Z. Zinonos 122a,122b, S. Zenz 14, D. Zerwas 115,
G. Zevi della Porta 57, Z. Zhan 32d, D. Zhang 32b,ak, H. Zhang 88, J. Zhang 5, X. Zhang 32d, Z. Zhang 115,
L. Zhao 108, T. Zhao 138, Z. Zhao 32b, A. Zhemchugov 64, J. Zhong 118, B. Zhou 87, N. Zhou 163, Y. Zhou 151,
C.G. Zhu 32d, H. Zhu 41, J. Zhu 87, Y. Zhu 32b, X. Zhuang 98, V. Zhuravlov 99, D. Zieminska 60, N.I. Zimin 64,
R. Zimmermann 20, S. Zimmermann 20, S. Zimmermann 48, M. Ziolkowski 141, R. Zitoun 4, L. Živkovic´ 34,
V.V. Zmouchko 128,∗, G. Zobernig 173, A. Zoccoli 19a,19b, M. zur Nedden 15, V. Zutshi 106, L. Zwalinski 29
1 Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY, United States
2 Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
3 (a)Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara; (b)Department of Physics, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya; (c)Department of Physics, Gazi University, Ankara; (d)Division of Physics,
TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara; (e)Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Ankara, Turkey
4 LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université de Savoie, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
5 High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States
6 Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
7 Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
8 Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
9 Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
10 Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
11 Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
12 (a) Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade; (b)Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
13 Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
14 Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
15 Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
16 Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
17 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
388 ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390
18 (a)Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul; (b)Division of Physics, Dogus University, Istanbul; (c)Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep;
(d)Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
19 (a) INFN Sezione di Bologna; (b)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
20 Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
21 Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
22 Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
23 (a)Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro; (b)Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora; (c)Federal University of Sao Joao del Rei (UFSJ),
Sao Joao del Rei; (d) Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
24 Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
25 (a)National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest; (b)University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest; (c)West University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
26 Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
27 Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
28 Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
29 CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
30 Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
31 (a)Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago; (b)Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
32 (a) Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; (b)Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui;
(c)Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Jiangsu; (d)School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China
33 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Aubiere Cedex, France
34 Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY, United States
35 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
36 (a) INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza; (b)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Arcavata di Rende, Italy
37 AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
38 The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
39 Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
40 Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
41 DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
42 Institut für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
43 Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
44 Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC, United States
45 SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
46 Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt, Johannes Gutenbergstrasse 32700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
47 INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
48 Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
49 Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
50 (a) INFN Sezione di Genova; (b)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
51 (a)E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi; (b)High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
52 II Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
53 SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
54 II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
55 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Joseph Fourier and CNRS/IN2P3 and Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
56 Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, United States
57 Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
58 (a)Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; (b)Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; (c)ZITI Institut
für technische Informatik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
59 Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
60 Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
61 Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
62 University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
63 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
64 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
65 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
66 Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
67 Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
68 Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan
69 Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
70 Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
71 Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
72 (a) INFN Sezione di Lecce; (b)Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
73 Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
74 Department of Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
75 School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
76 Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
77 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
78 Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
79 Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
80 Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
81 Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
82 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
83 CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
84 Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
85 Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
86 School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
87 Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
88 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
89 (a) INFN Sezione di Milano; (b)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
90 B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
91 National Scientific and Educational Centre for Particle and High Energy Physics, Minsk, Belarus
92 Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390 389
93 Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
94 P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
95 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
96 Moscow Engineering and Physics Institute (MEPhI), Moscow, Russia
97 Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
98 Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
99 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
100 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
101 Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
102 (a) INFN Sezione di Napoli; (b)Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
103 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
104 Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands
105 Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
106 Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
107 Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
108 Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, United States
109 Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
110 Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
111 Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
112 Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
113 Palacký University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
114 Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
115 LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
116 Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
117 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
118 Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
119 (a) INFN Sezione di Pavia; (b)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
120 Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
121 Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
122 (a) INFN Sezione di Pisa; (b)Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
123 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
124 (a)Laboratorio de Instrumentacao e Fisica Experimental de Particulas – LIP, Lisboa, Portugal; (b)Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE, Universidad de Granada,
Granada, Spain
125 Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
126 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
127 Czech Technical University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
128 State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
129 Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
130 Physics Department, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
131 Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
132 (a) INFN Sezione di Roma I; (b)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
133 (a) INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata; (b)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
134 (a) INFN Sezione di Roma Tre; (b)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
135 (a)Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies, Université Hassan II, Casablanca; (b)Centre National de l’Energie des Sciences Techniques
Nucleaires, Rabat; (c)Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA, Marrakech; (d)Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda; (e)Faculté des
sciences, Université Mohammed V, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
136 DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
137 Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
138 Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
139 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
140 Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
141 Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
142 Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
143 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA, United States
144 (a)Faculty of Mathematics, Physics & Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava; (b)Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of
Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
145 (a)Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg; (b)School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
146 (a)Department of Physics, Stockholm University; (b)The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
147 Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
148 Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
149 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
150 School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
151 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
152 Department of Physics, Technion: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
153 Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
154 Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
155 International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
156 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
157 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
158 Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
159 (a)TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC; (b)Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
160 Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
161 Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
162 Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia
163 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
164 (a) INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine; (b) ICTP, Trieste; (c)Dipartimento di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
165 Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
166 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
390 ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 369–390
167 Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica
de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
168 Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
169 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
170 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
171 Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
172 Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
173 Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
174 Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
175 Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
176 Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
177 Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
178 Domaine scientifique de la Doua, Centre de Calcul CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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∗Also at Laboratorio de Instrumentacao e Fisica Experimental de Particulas – LIP, Lisb
Also at Faculdade de Ciencias and CFNUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
c Also at Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United
Also at TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno, CA, United States.
f Also at Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Also at Fermilab, Batavia, IL, United States.
Also at Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
i Also at Department of Physics, UASLP, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
j Also at Università di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli, Italy.
Also at Institute of Particle Physics, (IPP), Canada.
l Also at Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
Also at Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, United States.
Also at Dep Fisica and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nov
Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, Unite
Also at Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Also at Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
r Also at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan.
s Also at Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
t Also at Manhattan College, New York, NY, United States.
Also at School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China.
Also at CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France.
Also at School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanzhou, China.
Also at Academia Sinica Grid Computing, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Ta
Also at Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
z Also at DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA
Also at Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.
Also at Departamento de Fisica, Universidade de Minho, Braga, Portugal.
c Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, S
Also at Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Bu
Also at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.
f Also at Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Also at LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France.
Also at Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY, United States.
i Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United
j Also at Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Also at Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
l Also at Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
Deceased.Portugal.
gdom.a de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.
d Kingdom.
iwan.
Saclay (Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique), Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
C, United States.
dapest, Hungary.
Kingdom.
.